In Ghana, marriage is more than just the union of two people—it’s a union of two families, two lineages, and in some cases, even two communities. Each tribe in Ghana has a unique way of conducting traditional marriage rites, filled with rituals, symbols, customs, and communal values that reflect their deep cultural heritage.
In this post, we explore the traditional marriage processes among key Ghanaian tribes, including the Akan, Ewe, Ga-Dangme, Mole-Dagbani, and others, highlighting what makes each tradition distinct.
1. Akan (Ashanti, Fante, Akuapem, Akyem, etc.)
Marriage Process:
The Akan traditional marriage, known as “awareɛ” (or “aware”) begins with:
- Knocking (Abowmu/Ko Ko Awareɛ): The groom’s family visits the bride’s family with drinks (usually schnapps) and a spokesperson to express their intent.
- Acceptance & List Presentation: The bride’s family presents a marriage list, including:
- Bride price (Tiri nsa)
- Clothes
- Jewelry
- Drinks and gifts for the parents and elders
- Marriage Day: The items are presented, and prayers, libations, and advice are given. The bride is asked if she accepts the man, and when she consents, the marriage is sealed.
Special Features:
- The “head drink” signifies that the bride is now a wife.
- Akan weddings often involve dancing and display of rich Kente cloth.
2. Ewe (Volta Region)
Marriage Process:
The Ewe traditional marriage involves three phases:
- Inquiry (Gaba kɔ): The man’s family investigates the woman’s background.
- Proposal Visit (Nutsuɖoɖo): Gifts like drinks and cloth are presented.
- Engagement Ceremony (Nunyaɖoɖo): The formal exchange where:
- A dowry is paid.
- Gifts are shared with the bride’s family.
- The bride is asked three times if she agrees—her verbal consent is key.
Unique Element:
- The Ewe highly value virginity and family approval.
- Libation is poured to inform ancestors and seek blessings.
3. Ga-Dangme (Greater Accra Region)
Marriage Process:
Known as “Shibimo”, the Ga-Dangme traditional marriage begins with:
- Kpokpoi Ceremony: A cultural feast may accompany marriage events during Homowo.
- Letter of Intent: The man’s family sends a formal letter and visits with drinks and a traditional spokesperson.
- Bride Price & Gift Items: These include:
- Cloth
- Money
- Cooking utensils
- Suitcases
Key Point:
- The bride’s consent is verbally confirmed.
- The Ga place emphasis on the blessing of elders and community witnesses.
4. Mole-Dagbani (Northern Ghana)
Marriage Process:
The process among tribes like the Dagombas or Mamprusis involves:
- Initial Visit (Mogdibo): Groom’s family expresses interest.
- Dowry (Sada): Livestock, cola nuts, and money are offered.
- Consent: Elders seek the woman’s agreement.
- Celebration: Once accepted, a formal ceremony is held with dancing and drumming.
Traditional Symbols:
- Cows or goats are often included as bride price.
- Islam influences some parts of the ceremony, especially among Muslim Mole-Dagbani.
5. Frafra, Kusasi, and Other Upper East Tribes
Marriage Process:
- The suitor helps the bride’s family in farming or domestic tasks for months—a form of “bride service.”
- Dowry includes livestock (goats, cattle), millet, and cola nuts.
- Consent from both families and community elders is crucial.
- Dancing and oral traditions (praise chants) are shared at the ceremony.
What Unites All These Traditions?
Despite their differences, Ghanaian traditional marriages share a few core values:
✅ Family Involvement
✅ Consent of the Bride
✅ Symbolic Gifts (bride price, libation, etc.)
✅ Spiritual Connection through Ancestors
Modern Trends in Traditional Marriages
While many Ghanaian couples now have white weddings, most still honor traditional rites. Some modern influences include:
- Matching Kente or Ankara Outfits
- Hiring Event Planners for Traditional Ceremonies
- Livestreaming for Relatives Abroad
- Blended Ceremonies (Traditional + Christian/Islamic)
Related Blog Posts
- What to Wear When Attending a Traditional Wedding in Ghana
- Ghanaian Traditional Wear for Weddings: Trends in 2025
- Kente, Fugu & More: Traditional Ghana Clothes by Region
- Taboos and Beliefs Still Practiced in Ghana Today
References and Further Reading